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Objective:To explore the value of using the mean gamma index (GI) in targer area receiving 50% prescribed dose as reference in VMAT planned dose verification through model-based dose calculation and measurement-based dose reconstruction.Methods:Based on Compass dose verificantion system, the VMAT plans for 70 patients were validated using two method. The mean GI and passing rate in target area receiving 50% of prescribed dose area for each validation plan were obtained to evaluate its application value in dose validation. First, plan information obtained by TPS calculation was input into the Compass system for performing independent dose calculation based on the accelerator data model, and obtain a three-dimensional dose based on the independent model calculation. The planned fluence measured for each patient′s treatment plan on the accelerator was reconstructed through the Compass system to obtain a three-dimensional dose based on measurement reconstruction. The three-dimensional dose obtained by the two method were compared with the three-dimensional dose calculated by TPS.Results:Combined with the gamma criteria of 3%/3 mm in the error setting condition of GI analysis, the mean GI in the area receiving 50% of prescribed dose was evaluated. GI≤0.4 was classified as PASS, 0.4 < GI ≤ 0.6 as being clinically acceptable, and GI > 0.6 as FAIL. The VMAT planned dose verification for 70 patients showed that the model-based independent calculation was in a better agreement with the TPS calculation. The GI values were all < 0.6: GI≤0.4 for 67 patients and 0.4 <GI≤ 0.6 for the other 3 patients, with gamma passing rate larger than 92%. The in- vivo measurement-based reconstructed 3D dose are slightly lesser than the model-based planed result ; theGI values were all < 0.6: GI ≤0.4 for 35 patients and 0.4 < GI ≤ 0.6 for other 35 patients, with gamma pass rate larger than 88%, of which gamma passing rate > 90% for 88 patients and < 90% for other 2, all meeting the requirements of clinical dose verification. The model-based independent dose verification is better than the measurement-based reconstructed dose verificantion, and the difference is statistically significant ( t=15.20, 10.71, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The mean GI in target area receiving 50% of prescribed dose can be used as a reference to judge the operatability of clinical plan in clinical dose verification. The mean GI value, in combination with the comprehensive result of gamma passing rate, is more convincing to evaluate dose verification. A combination of model-based dose verification, despite time-saving and labor-saving, and the measurement-based dose verification could become a reliable dose verification method for clinical application.
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Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis. It is essential for protecting organisms from environmental stress. Autophagy can help the host to eliminate invading pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. However, pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to interfere with autophagic signaling pathways or inhibit the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. Moreover, host cell matrix degradation by different types of autophagy can be used for the proliferation and reproduction of pathogens. Thus, determining the roles and mechanisms of autophagy during pathogen infections will promote understanding of the mechanisms of pathogen‒host interactions and provide new strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Autophagy , Bacteria , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Lysosomes , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in Hengshui City. Methods From January 2016 to January 2020, 1 058 patients with liver cancer in Hengshui City were selected as the observation group, and 857 healthy people were selected as the control group. Results Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 630 cases (59.55%) and hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab) was positive in 100 cases (9.45%) in 1 058 patients with liver malignancies.The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking, drinking and pickled food ≥ 1 time / month in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (χ2: 338.320, 27.748, 79.421, 290.279, 243.861, 88.821, 339.940, P 2=0.182, P=0.669). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection, HCV infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking ,drinking and consumption of pickled food were independent risk factors for liver cancer [OR(95%CI): 3.174 (1.533-8.638), 3.370(1.625-8.912), 4.058(2.317-13.460), 2.325(1.318-3.271), 2.469(1.446-3.865), P<0.05]. Conclusion HBV chronic infection, HCV chronic infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking ,drinking and eating pickled food are the risk factors of liver malignant tumor in Hengshui City. Strengthen the vaccination of HBV and HCV blank population; do effective antiviral treatment for the infected population; cultivate good living habits; have a family history of malignant tumor should be regularly checked for prevention and control.
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"Rain classroom + " is an online and offline teaching mode developed under the background of "Internet + Education". However, there are still certain shortcomings in online teaching. Based on this situation, we explore the application of a new mixed teaching mode based on "Rain classroom + " in the teaching of Pathophysiology. Centered on three links of pre-class, in-class and post-class, the flipped classroom has been realized through teaching interaction by combining Tencent Meeting and integrating the problem-based learning with the case-based learning (PBL/CBL) in the teaching. "Rain classroom + " mixed teaching mode realizes the "student-centered" teaching concept by optimizing teaching resources, reorganizing teaching content and perfecting teaching design.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of Bombyx mori and the method for the content determination of multi- components，and to provide reference for comprehensive quality evaluation of B. mori . METHODS ：Using 18 batches of B. mori from different producing areas as samples ，HPLC method was used. The column was Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C 18 AQ S 5 with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 260 nm，and column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint analysis and similarity evaluation were performed by using TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System（2012 edition），and the chromatographic peak was identified by comparing with the chromatogram of reference substance. The contents of 4 nucleosides as uracil ，guanine，xanthine，uridine were determined . RESULTS ：A total of 16 common peaks were identified in HPLC fingerprint for 18 batches of B. mori ，and peaks 3，6 ，7 and 8 were identified as uracil ，guanine，xanthine and uridine. The similarity of sample chromatogram with control fingerprint were 0.912-1.000. The linear range of uracil ，guanine， xanthine and uridine were 5.34-534，5.28-528，5.06-506，5.195-519.5 μg/mL（r≥0.999 8）. The limits of detection were 0.032 4， 0.032 0，0.030 7，0.031 2 μg/mL，and the limits of quantitation were 0.106 8，0.105 6，0.101 2，0.103 0 μg/mL. RSDs of precision，reproducibility and stability tests （24 h）were all lower than 1.00％（n＝6）. Average recoveries were 100.15％-102.95％， and RSD s were all lower than 2.00％（n＝9）. The content determination results showed that the content of uracil ，guanine， xanthine and uridine of B. mori from different producing areas were 0.41％-2.46％，0.37％-1.98％，0.72％-2.63％，0.94％-3.67％， respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method of 4 nucleosides were specific ， accurate and reliable ，which can be used for the quality evaluation and control of B. mori .
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Presently, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common pathogenic factor of chronic liver disease worldwide that can lead to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipid metabolism in cancer cells is closely related to tumorgenesis, invasion and metastasis, and thus acts as one of the hallmark of cancer cells. Lipolipomics is an important branch of metabolomics, which has been adapted recently in the study of HCC for analysis of the structure and function of lipid components by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Fatty acids, glycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterol are significantly different in HCC tissues or serum. Therefore, it contributes to the diagnosis, determination of prognosis, mechanistic study and targeted therapy of HCC.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum ferritin (SF) detection in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Methods A total of 42 cases of MDS without blood transfusion who were admitted to General Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group from January 2010 to July 2017 were collected.There were 27 males and 15 females,aged 46-90 years old with a median age of 72 years old.In 42 cases of MDS,10 cases had refractory anemia (RA),4 cases had refractory anemia with ring increased iron bead young cell (RARS),8 cases had refractory blood cells decreased with more dysplasia (RCMD),and 20 cases had refractory anemia with primitive cells increased (RAEB).According to the International Prognostic Scoring System,22 cases had low risk,and 20 cases had high risk.At the same time,40 healthy checkers were chosen as healthy control group.SF levels were measured and compared between the MDS patients and healthy controls.Results The SF level in the MDS group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(479±267) ng/ml vs.(153±56) ng/ml],and the difference was statistically significant (t =7.379,P ＜ 0.05).The difference in SF levels among the patients with different subtypes of MDS was statistically significant (F =4.81,P =0.006).Among them,the RA group had the lowest SF level,while the RAEB group had the highest,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [(346±257) ng/ml vs.(818±443) ng/ml,P =0.005].The SF level in the low-risk group was lower than that in the high-risk group [(456±238) ng/ml vs.(788±467) ng/ml],and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.867,P =0.008).Conclusion Patients with MDS show a significant increase in SF level,and high-risk patients are associated with iron overload,and SF may be an auxiliary indicator for judging the prognosis of MDS.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Chaenomeles speciosa total extract shikimic acid(SA) on the degranulation of compound 48/80(C48/80) stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the anti-inflammatory.Methods: Qualitative analysis of shikimic acid in the total extract of Chaenomeles speciosa by high performance liquid phase;RPMC were identified by toluidine blue,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy;CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of RPMC in each concentration group.The release rate of β-hexosidase was determined by substrate method.The content of histamine in supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results: SA had no significant effect on the growth of RPMC at the concentration of 0-90 μg/ml.Compared with the positive control group,SA could effectively inhibit the release of β-hexosidase and inhibit the secretion of histamine.Conclusion: SA inhibits the release of histamine in inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the degranulation of RPMC stimulated by C48/80,and then exerts anti-inflammatory effects.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between air pollution and the number of pneumonia hospitalization in a children's hospital in Changsha.Methods:Children who have been in this hospital for the treatment of pneumonia between December 2013 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study.Based on daily meteorological data and air pollution data from December 2013 to December 2015 in Changsha,we constructed a generalized additive model to analyze the relationship between air pollution and the number of pneumonia hospitalization.Results:During the research,the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded the Grade Ⅱ national standards for air quality.The average concentration of SO2 exceeded the Grade Ⅰ national standards.The change of all the 3 main air pollution indexes showed strong statistical relationship with the change of the number of pneumonia hospitalization (P＜0.05),among which,the impact of SO2 ranked number 1,followed by PM2.5 and PM10.Effect of atmospheric pollution on the number of pneumonia boys was basically same as that in the total pneumonia children (P＜0.05).The effect on girls showed no statistical relationship in both models (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The concentrations of SO2'PM2.5 and PM10 are positively correlated with pneumonia hospitalization number of children,and their effect on boys is more obvious than that in the girls.
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Objective To study the difference of the constructed doses between electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and dynalogs files of linac for in vivo phantom dosimetry.Methods Twelve pelvic patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were selected and the information of each plan was copied to theCheese phantom to recalculate the doses before delivered on Varian RapidArc Linac.TheCheese phantom was placed on the isocenter and the electronic portal image (EPI) formed by the EPID was sent to EPIgray software to reconstruct the actual delivered doses.Meanwhile,dynalogs files were respectively imported to the Mobius software to reconstruct the actual delivered doses too.The point dose in the center of each VMAT plan (the center of the effective sensitive volume of ionization chamber) was measured by the A1SL ionization chamber.At the same time,the dose of sensitive volume of ionization chamber from treatment planning systcm (TPS) was recorded.Results The relative deviation between the dose from TPS and the measurement results by the ionization chamber was 1.13％.The difference between the reconstructed doses of EPID-based or the dynalogs file-based with the measurement results by the ionization chamber was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The two methods of dose reconstruction can provide reference for in vivo dosimetry of VMAT.
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Objective To carry out health education nursing intervention mode for patients with hemodialy-sis,and to study and analyze the clinical nursing effect.Methods 112 cases of hemodialysis patients were randomlydivided into the observation group and the control group according to random number table,56 cases in each group. The patients of the control group were given conventional nursing model,and the patients of the observation group were given nursing intervention model on the basis of health education.The blood pressure,the internal fistula blockage, indwelling catheter caused by the incidence of infection and blood phosphorus level of compliance rate were compared in the two groups.Results After nursing intervention,diastolic blood pressure(76.17 ±7.02)mmHg and systolic blood pressure (131.17 ±8.77)mmHg of the observation group were significantly better than the control group [(90.91 ±8.44)mmHg,(141.29 ±7.08)mmHg],there were statistically significant differences(t =10.49,13.75, all P <0.05).The incidence rate of fistula obstruction (1.79%)and the catheter infection incidence rate(1.79%) of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (28.57%,26.79%),there were statistically significant differences(χ2 =8.22,9.17,all P <0.05).The blood phosphorus level standard rate(60.71%)of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(33.93%),there was statistically significant differ-ence (χ2 =11.45,P <0.05).Conclusion The incidence of complications is significantly decreased after nursing intervention of health education in patients with hemodialysis,and the indexes are improved significantly,and there is no obvious conflict of interest.
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Compared with other sensory system, olfactory neural system may be the most unknown one. And it is reported that the research of the complicated olfactory system is beneficial to clarifying the whole mechanism of the sensory system. Focused on spatiotemporal coding and decoding mechanism, the studies on the olfactory neural system recognition models are especially introduced. Finally, this paper presents the research work carried out in our lab, and prospects the development of this field in the future.